This study proposes to link serological information to molecular data and to resolve diagnosis difficulties in a global emergency scenario. 2.?Materials and methods 2.1. found S/P serological positivity equal to 100% (1/1) and 54% (13/24) in As patients. We found higher (p?0.05) seropositivity in older patients (n?=?8) among symptomatic and positives for viral RNA (n.23). Conclusions It has been observed that a dual approach of serological and molecular assessments detects a higher absolute quantity of disease cases in a pandemic context,which could improve monitoring and health IRAK inhibitor 3 surveillance efficacy. The age-related seropositivity frequency in this study, if confirmed, could enhance the validity of serological assessments, especially in older patients.In these subjects, molecular positivity accompanied by serological positivity (distinct for M and G immunoglobulins) should help determine disease status and support decisions related to patient management. Keywords: COronaVIrus disease 19, Symptomatic/paucisymptomaticpatients, Asymptomatic patients, Serological assessments, Swabs 1.?Introduction At the time of this writing in Tuscany, a central district of Italy, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been ongoing, caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus, and the severe acute IRAK inhibitor 3 respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; previously called 2019-nCoV). Evidence suggests rapid local IRAK inhibitor 3 spread of the computer virus from Northwest regions (from Lombardy and Veneto). The first Italian individual was registered at the end of February and the Italian Civil Protection Department recorded the number of infected SARS-CoV-2 patients, consisting of 69,176. In Tuscany, there were 2,699 infected people. Given the experience of recent coronavirus contacts, we learned that the health care system must consider the risk of contagion between health workers and the spread of the computer virus within hospital environments. Numerous scientific publications [1], [2], [3] statement studies on viral contamination in hospital settings, which leads to the epidemiological problem; this is usually due to lesser response effectiveness of the treatments for infected and non-infected patients. This problem could be resolved through hospital structure organization efficiency and valid diagnostic methods for the suspicious infectious cases. The Tuscany District (TD), following the Coronavirus Regional Task Pressure (issuedFebruary 24, 2020) provisions [4], planned diagnostic-therapeutic strategies for the SARS COV2 pandemic [5],consisting of nasopharyngeal swab execution for all those individuals with medium and high-risk contacts. In Italian areas, it is difficult to carry out swab assessments forthewhole population, with the number of qualified and authorized laboratories for research of viral RNA; above all, there is the procurement difficulty for the necessary resources to assist in the analytical process (reagents, devices, and Personal Protective Equipment, PPE). As such, it is critical to secure more immediate and faster diagnostic strategies. In the Republic of China, the first nation afflicted with Covid-19, other diagnostic tools based on the qualitative determination of IgG and IgM antibodies against SARS COV2 were used. Qualitative antibody determinations have been performed with quick response devices and applied in hospital triage for symptomatic patients [6]. The Italian Ministry of Health has not yet recommended Ig G and Ig M antibody detection for the diagnostic routine with COVID-19. In this study, the San Donato Hospital in Arezzo, in the Southeast Tuscany Local Health Unit (USL Toscana Sud-Est), evaluated the effectiveness of the combined use of antibody assessments and molecular investigation for medium and high-risk contacts in asymptomatic, paucisymptomatic,or symptomatic patients. This validated approach could help with diagnosis, for increased clinical safety management as well as to optimize the infrastructural resources for eligible patients, who must be placed in dedicated hospital sectors. This procedure, to screen suspicious infectious cases, aims to reduce intrahospital spread of COVID-19 and to properly treat all patients. There is a great amount of evidence-based data in the literature, demonstrating the detection value of immunoglobulin, which can identify cycles of the infectious virology sector [7], [8], [9]. This study proposes to link serological information to molecular data and to handle diagnosis difficulties SMARCB1 in a global emergency scenario. 2.?Materials and methods 2.1. Analysis samples and populace From March 17 to 21, 2020,.